After Sunday's dramatic events in the Lebanese capital Beirut, where furious crowds stormed and torched the Danish consulate, the protests on Monday spread to Indonesia.
Hundreds of people rallied outside the Danish embassy in Jakarta to protest the cartoons.
There are reports that about 1,500 people in Bandung have marched to demand Indonesia cut diplomatic ties with Denmark.
The Danish embassy in Jakarta was closed as protesters stormed the building's foyer.
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, who leads the world's most populous Muslim nation, criticised the cartoons as insensitive and insulting to Muslims on the weekend, however also appealed for calm and said he had accepted apologies from Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen and the editors of Jyllands-Posten, the newspaper that published the cartoons.
About 30 people were injured in Sunday's violence in Beirut, and there are reports that at least one person died.
Some Lebanese politicians have blamed Syria, saying Damascus instigated the violence to undermine Lebanese security.
Riots in the Syrian capital Damascus on Saturday resulted in the burning of the diplomatic missions of Denmark and Norway.
Demonstrators in Beirut used ladders to enter the building while others hacked at its walls and windows with axes and poles.
Lebanon’s Interior Minister Hassan Sabeh, a Sunni Muslim loyal to the country's anti-Syrian majority coalition, submitted his resignation at a late-night emergency cabinet meeting.
"I submitted my resignation to the government after criticisms were raised," Mr Sabeh said after an extraordinary cabinet meeting.
He said he had refused to give security forces the order to fire on the protesters because "I did not want to be responsible for any carnage”.
"Despite the intervention of more than 1,000 members of the security forces, we were unable to impose order because of the determination of the protesters, who numbered several thousands," he said.
Tear gas
Initially, Lebanese police had fired tear gas and charged the crowd with batons to prevent protesters from advancing more than 200 metres from the consulate building, but the demonstrators were not deterred.
Some protesters found a barrel of petrol, smashed the glass door of the building and set fire to the staircase, drawing applause and cries of "God is Great" from the crowd.
"This is the fate of all those who turn against Islam and our prophet. They will be burned by the fires of hell," said one demonstrator.
The Lebanese press said Danish diplomats had evacuated the premises on Saturday night. The building also holds the Austrian consulate and a bank.
The Danish government called on its nationals to leave Lebanon, saying they "should remain indoors until the travel possibilities have been clarified."
The protesters, waving green Islamic flags and chanting "God is greatest", also stoned a church in the eastern part of Beirut, provoking an angry outcry from Christians.
Protests in Iraq
About one thousand Sunni Muslims in Iraq demonstrated outside a mosque in the Iraqi city of Ramadi.
"Protect the Prophet, God is Great," the protesters shouted, while some of them burned a Danish flag.
About 1,000 supporters of Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr protested in the city of Amarah demanding that Danish and Norwegian diplomats in Iraq be expelled.
Iraq's Transport Ministry will cancel its contracts with Danish firms and reject Danish reconstruction aid, said Transport Minister Salam al-Maliki, a Sadr supporter.
A ministry official said Norwegian contracts would also be terminated.
An al-Qaeda-linked group in Iraq has reportedly threatened to attack the interests of European nations where the cartoons were published.
In the West Bank city of Nablus Palestinian militants defaced the entrance of the French cultural centre.
At least 4,000 people demonstrated across Afghanistan, where demonstrators burned the Danish flag in the city of Mihtarlam and demanded that the editors of the Danish newspaper be prosecuted for blasphemy, the local governor said.
Afghanistan’s President Hamid Karzai condemned the drawings and said they should never be re-published.
Mr Karzai told CNN television on Sunday that the cartoons were "insulting" and had stoked anger in his country.
"We, as Muslims, all over the world are angry for those cartoons appearing in the European press," the Afghan leader said. "I as a Muslim feel very offended".
Mr Karzai called on Western governments to take strong measures against the publication of such cartoons and urged newspapers to dismiss editors involved their publication.
Anger in Paris
In Paris about 1,000 people chanting "God is great" and "An attack on the prophet is an attack on all Muslims" protested peacefully on Sunday.
French Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin condemned the unrest in the Middle East but also called for respect for the sensitivities of other faiths.
"We must pay attention to what hurts, what can shock. There isn't the same idea, everywhere in the world, of what is holy and you have to take that into account," he said on French television.
Danes call for peace
Denmark has called on Arab leaders to help curb an escalation of Muslim anger over the cartoons.
Hundreds of Danes gathered in Copenhagen with torch lights to show their concern.
"The Danish government urges all leaders, political and religious, in the countries concerned to call on their populations to remain calm and refrain from violence," Denmark's Foreign Minister Per Stig Moeller told a news conference.
Mr Moeller also called for a dialogue which "allows us to strengthen our insight and understanding of each other".