Saddam, along with seven co-defendants, are facing charges of crimes against humanity over an alleged 1982 massacre.
Monday's hearing, the first appearance by the men since January 29, was adjourned until Tuesday after less than three hours.
As he was escorted by guards into the courtroom, Saddam roared: "Down with traitors, down with Bush".
He told chief judge Rauf Rasheed Abdel Rahman that his appearance had been enforced.
Justice Abdel Rahman's tough handling of the trial triggered a boycott of all defendants of the last hearing on February 2.
"This is not a court this is a game," said Saddam, pounding on a podium in the dock and wearing a robe and heavy jacket rather than his usual suit.
"Shame on you Rauf, you are insignificant," he shouted at the judge, accusing him of being "ignorant of the law" and implementing "American law".
The trial has frequently descended into chaos since it opened in October.
Justice Abdel Rahman, who took over as chief judge only last month after the resignation of his predecessor, banged his gavel on several occasions as he sought to silence Saddam's efforts to discredit the tribunal.
The Kurdish judge warned the former dictator he would not be permitted to boycott the trial.
During the tumultuous session, two former aides to Saddam -- Former presidential office head Ahmed Khudayir and former intelligence chief Hassan al-Obeidi -- also complained they are being forced to testify against their will.
Khudayir told the court he knew nothing of the Dujail events and claimed he remembered nothing when shown a document authorising the execution that apparently bore his signature.
Mr Obeidi said had not been present during the Dujail events.
They are the first aides to Saddam Hussein to testify at the trial.
The pair, along with the other six defendants, faces the death penalty if convicted on charges including murder and torture over the massacre of more than 140 Shiites after an attempt on Saddam's life in 1982 in the town of Dujail.
They have all pleaded not guilty.
"Damn your moustaches"
Saddam and his co-defendants have court-appointed lawyers after their initial defence team walked out of the January 29 session, protesting the judge's expulsion of Barzan al-Tikriti, Saddam's half-brother and former secret police chief.
The visibly-annoyed Kurdish judge made clear his patience had run out and cut Saddam off when the 68-year-old asked for another chance to speak.
Saddam accused the judge of being biased and shouted repeated insults, including: "God damn your moustaches," a slur meant to denigrate the judge's manhood.
Barzan also frequently interrupted the session, prompting guards to push him down into his seat in the dock.
He turned his back on the judge for much of the session.
Trial turning into a farce: defence
Saddam's lead defence lawyer Khalil al-Dulaimi said the trial had turned into a "farce" and that his client was tricked into making the court appearance on Monday.
Ahead of Monday's session, Mr Dulaimi said the defence team had a number of conditions for its return, including replacing Justice Abdel Rahman and prosecutor Jaafar al-Mussawi.
During the session, the court read the written testimonies of 23 complainants who could not attend the trial.
Their stories of arrest and abuse by security services were similar to the ones that have dominated the court until now.
After the stormy session, court spokesman Raed al-Juhi told reporters that compelling defendants to attend the trial is legal.
However the New York-based Human Rights Watch warned the court risks failing to provide a fair trial if the judge appoints defence lawyers for Saddam and his cohorts that they reject.