Nationalist sentiment in Sudan is running high following a government-led media campaign against UN intervention.
Chanting anti-western slogans, protesters said the UN should not interfere in Sudan’s internal affairs.
“We completely refuse any interfering in our Sudan from anybody or any forces that come to kill our people and exploit the Sudan or make jokes about our religion,” said protester Mohammad Tahir.
The demonstrators handed a statement to UN offices in Khartoum demanding the immediate eviction of the top UN envoy in Sudan, Jan Pronk.
Sudanese women carrying Kalashnikov rifles joined the march, declaring their readiness to fight foreign troops.
Government officials joined the protest urging the crowd to reject the UN plan.
“I confirm all these banners which you read and are written in English, they say we were born to die and that’s true we the Sudanese are ready to die for our country,” said Sudan’s Information Minister Alzahawi Ibrahim Malik.
The African Union's peacekeeping body will decide on Friday whether to hand over peacekeeping responsibilities in the region to the United Nations because the AU is unable to finance the mission beyond the end of this month.
Sudan has already rejected the plan, arguing that the handover risks adding to the worsening conflict in Darfur.
Millions displaced
Three years of fighting in Sudan’s west has displaced millions and claimed hundreds of thousands of lives.
Sudanese President Omar El-Beshir has been opposed to any "foreign intervention," and has dubbed the UN plan "dangerous."
The position has been supported by Egypt and Libya, both insisting on the importance of an African-led peace force in Darfur without an external intervention.
According to AU officials Libya fears that with the handover to the UN, the AU will lose control of the Darfur force and it does not want the UN to impose its decisions on African states.
However it is financial constraints that are forcing the pan-African body to hand over the mission in Sudan to the UN and last month, ministers from the Peace and Security Counil (PSC) held talks on how to best facilitate the transfer.
In December, the AU said it needed more than US$130 million (A$177 million) in new contributions to meet the US$465 million (A$634 million) it needs for the Darfur operation in the current financial year that ends in May.
It said that the force could not be sustained beyond March without a huge infusion of cash and that the operation might have to be turned over to the United Nations.
However the handover conditions include a demand that the control of the mission remains in the hands of the AU, that majority of AU peacekeeping troops be retained by the UN force and that Khartoum determines the composition of the peace mission.
If Friday's talks endorse the transfer, it will then be upon the UN to draw up a handover timetable, but not be completed until the end of the year, leaving the current mission short of funds.