It is the first time the Security Council has directly urged Tehran to clear up suspicions it is seeking to develop nuclear weapons, however did not mention what steps it would take if Tehran fails to comply.
Iran's UN ambassador responded by saying his country is "allergic to pressure and intimidation".
"Iran will have to consider the statement in Tehran and will respond accordingly," he told reporters.
Concessions made to Russia, China
The watered-down, non-binding text was worked out among the five veto-wielding permanent members was unanimously adopted by the 15 members on the eve of a Berlin meeting of foreign ministers of Britain, China, France, Germany, Russia and the United States on the Iranian nuclear crisis.
US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said it "demonstrates that the international community is united in its concern over Iran's nuclear program" which Washington claims is shielding attempts to develop an atomic bomb.
France, Britain and Germany have led more than two years of talks aimed at resolving the issue.
In a concession to Russia and China, the text asked for a report in 30 days from the IAEA on "Iranian compliance with the steps required by the IAEA board".
France and Britain, who drafted the text, had initially sought a report in 14 days.
"It's a strong message that we're sending to Iran -- that Iran has to comply with the resolution and the requests made by the board of governors of the IAEA," said French ambassador Jean-Marc de la Sabliere.
"Iran has 30 days. We hope that Iran will comply," he said.
"If Iran doesn't comply, then the Security Council will have to take its responsibilities."
However the council's five major powers gave no indication of what steps might be taken if Tehran refuses to back down.
First step towards sanctions
The text calls for the re-establishing the suspension of "all enrichment-related and reprocessing activities, including research and development, to be verified by the IAEA."
It said that such action would contribute to a diplomatic, negotiated solution that guarantees Iran's nuclear program is for exclusively peaceful purposes.
"The ball is back in Iran's court and we will be here in 30 days to see what they do," US ambassador John Bolton said.
Western powers see the adoption of the statement as the first step in a graduated response that could ultimately lead to sanctions against Tehran.
But Russia and China, which have close economic and energy ties with Tehran, oppose sanctions and insist on the IAEA retaining the lead role in the issue.
Ms Rice and ministers from Germany, Britain, France, China and Russia will meet in Berlin to discus a future strategy on the Iran issue, and what to do if Tehran fails to comply.