Mr Uribe gained about 62 percent, followed by leftist Senator Carlos Gaviria, with over 22 percent. Mr Gaviria has conceded defeat averting the need for a run-off vote.
An austere, yoga-practicing workaholic, Mr Uribe needed 50 percent to win the re-election.
Mr Uribe intends to pursue the battle against political violence, crime and drug trafficking in the South American country that ranks as the region's most violent, and the world's top producer of cocaine.
His re-election goes against the political trend in a region dominated by leftist leaders whose relationship with Washington is often lukewarm.
Called "authoritarian" by his critics and some of his supporters, Mr Uribe, 53, is the staunchest ally of US President George W. Bush in Latin America, and recently reached an extended trade pact with Washington.
Roads re-opened
He has helped maintain steady economic growth and has enjoyed popularity levels of around 70 percent since he took office in 2002.
This is despite perceptions he has failed to do enough to alleviate poverty that affects almost half the country's 41 million population.
Since he took office, Mr Uribe has reopened roads once controlled by bandits or insurgents, reduced crime rates, stepped up the offensive against leftist rebels, and reached a pact that demobilised right-wing paramilitary fighters.
"The country used to be bogged down in economic instability and insecurity. That has now changed," said Misael Santos, a 55-year-old Colombian who cast his ballot in Bogota's Zona Rosa neighbourhood.
"It's very important that we remain on this track toward stability and security," he said at a voting station protected by a dozen policemen.
Mr Uribe has dismissed claims he favours a military solution to the country's armed conflict, insisting he is willing to talk peace with the main leftist insurgent group, the 17,000-strong Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).
"We remain determined to show total firmness in combatting terrorism and total generosity in negotiating peace," said Mr Uribe.
FARC won’t talk
But the FARC says it will not talk peace with Mr Uribe, claiming he is a warmonger, and Mr Gaviria claims the president clearly favoured a military solution.
"I believe I am the president most hated by the guerrillas and the one who fought (them) the most," said Mr Uribe, whose father was killed by the FARC, and who has survived several assassination attempts.
He ordered unprecedented security measures for the vote, deploying 220,000 police and soldiers to protect the 26.7 million eligible voters in a country where four decades of political violence have claimed an estimated 200,000 lives.
But government figures show a sharp drop in violence, with murders down from 36,000 in 2002 to 15,000 last year, and kidnappings down from 3,000 to 1,000.
And, for the first time since 1998, the FARC had pledged it would not seek to sabotage the election.