"My plan cannot be stopped and is the most that Israel is prepared to agree to," he told on a state visit to Paris.
Mr Olmert is in France to try to win President Jacques Chirac's backing for his proposal.
"I prefer to reach a negotiated settlement (with the Palestinians), but if that is not the case we will apply our plan," said the Israeli prime minister.
Mr Olmert's so-called "realignment plan" would see Israel uproot 70,000 settlers from the West Bank while cementing its hold on housing blocs where most of the quarter of a million settlers live.
The scheme is designed to prevent stalemate if restarting talks proves impossible.
Chirac cautious
Speaking ahead of talks with Mr Olmert, Mr Chirac appeared to reject his plan, telling reporters the aim of two states living peacefully side-by-side "implies a resumption of negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority".
The Israeli prime minister said later the meeting with Mr Chirac had been "very encouraging, from our point of view".
But a member of the French delegation present said Mr Chirac simply "restated, and gave the reasons for, France's overriding commitment to a negotiated settlement".
Mr Chirac also offered France's help to restart the negotiating process.
Mr Olmert said would do all in his power to ensure talks resume with the Palestinians.
But, speaking to journalists, he repeated Israel's three conditions: "an end to terrorism, the respect of all agreements between the Palestinian Authority and Israel, and the recognition of Israel".
Those principles have been rejected by the government led by Hamas, the main Islamist movement in the Palestinian territories, effectively paralysing the peace process.
Mr Olmert later said in a television interview he supported a Palestinian referendum which would recognise Israel, but warned that "in order to negotiate, terrorism must first cease."
Mr Olmert has been campaigning hard to win Western backing for his proposal, which has received a cool reception from some Arab leaders.
’Bold’ plan: Bush
US President George W Bush has called Mr Olmert's plan "bold" but has also told Mr Olmert that he must first exhaust all efforts to reach an agreement with Palestinian leader Mahmud Abbas.
In Paris several hundred pro-Palestinian activists protested outside parliament, where a gala dinner in Mr Olmert's honour was being held.
The protesters, organised by the far-left Revolutionary Communist League political party, railed against "apartheid" in Israel and held signs denouncing Israel as a criminal state.