Saddam and seven other defendants have been charged with crimes against humanity and face possible execution if found guilty.
Judge Rauf Abdel Rahman brought a day of turbulent proceedings to a close after court-appointed lawyers completed the defence arguments, saying: "The trial will adjourn until October 16 to check over the files of this case."
Saddam has been accused of ordering the killings of 148 Shiite civilians from Dujail after assassins tried to kill the then Iraqi leader in the town in 1982.
The trial has been marred by the refusal of the accused's own lawyers to appear in court.
But Judge Rahman insisted on pushing forward with the case using court-appointed counsel, triggering angry exchanges during hearings.
On Thursday, the last defendant to make his case, Awad Ahmed al-Bandar, had to be physically pushed back into his chair by court bailiffs after the glowering former judge denounced his counsel and tried to defend himself.
Judge Rahman told him to "shut up" and a furious al-Bandar later exclaimed: "If you were to execute me that would be better than what you said to me before."
Bandar's stand-in lawyer made a brief statement in his defence, arguing that as a judge in a Saddam-era revolutionary court, his client had only done his duty in signing the Dujail residents' death warrants.
US legal expert Michael Newton said: "The judicial chamber will now consider all the evidence in light of the defence arguments made this week and the prosecution arguments to try to reach a judgment by the next trial session."
While the verdict in the Dujail case is awaited, attention will turn to Saddam's next trial scheduled for August 21over his alleged role in his government’s bloody campaign against Iraqi Kurds in the early 1980s.
Saddam was not present at the final hearing, but had attended the previous day's hearing, where he refused to recognise the court-appointed defence counsel or the court and called on Iraqis to fight US-led forces.
He also expressed a preference for the firing squad rather than the gallows if he is found guilty.
The judges will be expected to decide on a method of execution if and when they reach a guilty verdict.