Pakistan refused to return to the field after tea after umpires Darrell Hair and Billy Doctrove had earlier imposed a five-run penalty against them for ball-tampering and changed the ball.
When Pakistan did later take to the field, the umpires did not appear, leading to extensive negotiations that ended with the abandonment several hours later.
England, already 2-0 up in the four-match series, have now won it 3-0.
"In accordance with the laws of cricket it was noted that the umpires had correctly deemed that Pakistan had forfeited the match and awarded the Test to England," read a statement on behalf of the International Cricket Council, England and Wales Cricket Board and the Pakistan Cricket Board.
"The Pakistan team was aggrieved by the award of five penalty runs to England. The award of those penalty runs for alleged interference with the ball is under review by the ICC match referee Mike Procter, whose report will be considered in due course."
Players stunned
Pakistan's players had been on course for a face-saving win when the umpires took action, ruling the ball had been tampered with after England’s Alastair Cook had been bowled by a reverse-swinging yorker from Pakistan’s pace bowler Umar Gul.
Pakistan’s captain became embroiled in a heated exchange with the umpires before the England batsmen at the crease, Kevin Pietersen and Collingwood, were allowed to choose a replacement ball.
They continued playing until tea, with England on 4-298 in their second innings and still 33 runs shy of making Pakistan bat again, when the fiasco exploded.
Hair, who has been involved in several controversies with teams from the sub-continent in the past, and Doctrove walked out to the middle alone, then returned to the pavilion as Pakistan's players staged a protest by remaining in the dressing room.
The umpires walked out again 15 minutes later, followed by England batsmen Paul Collingwood and Ian Bell, but Pakistan again failed to show.
The situation took a new turn around 45 minutes after the scheduled restart when Pakistan captain Inzamam-ul-Haq led his side out, then straight back in as the umpires this time stayed away.
Play was eventually called off for the day at 6.13pm local time with England 298 for four in their second innings, a deficit of 33.
Umpires have the right to award a match to the opposition if they deem a side had refused to continue playing.
Pakistan Cricket Board head Shaharyar Khan said: "From our point of view the boys were extremely upset at the slur of what happened. They wanted to register a protest with the match officials. We were going to stay off for just a few minutes."
He said Pakistan's players categorically denied they had tampered with the ball. "No-one was consulted, no-one was told ... they felt deeply aggrieved."
Khan added he did not know what would happen to the one-day series against England due to start after the Tests.
Hair first hit the headlines when he called Sri Lanka spinner Muttiah Muralitharan for throwing in Australia in 1995-6.