Eight of the eleven have been charged with two offences of conspiracy to murder and a new offence of preparing acts of terrorism.
The other three have been charged with other offences under the Terrorism Act 2000.
Susan Hemming, head of Britain’s Crown Prosecution Service Counter Terrorism Division, said, "We have been carefully examining and assessing the evidence against each individual with the assistance of anti-terrorist officers in order to come to charging decisions at the earliest practicable opportunity."
The decision to charge had been taken this morning with the approval of the Director of Public Prosecutions, she added.
Deputy Assistant Commissioner Peter Clarke revealed that the police investigation had uncovered bomb making equipment, including chemicals and electrical components, and so-called martyrdom videos.
He said the investigation was far from complete, adding “the scale is immense. Inquiries will span the globe”.
Mr Clarke said that so far police experts had removed 6,000 gigabytes of data from the seized computers, all of which would be analysed.
Ms Hemming said one woman had been released from custody without charge while 11 other individuals were still in custody.
"Their position is being assessed on a regular basis with a view to considering the need to keep them in detention,” she said.
"We cannot yet make a decision about whether further charges will follow or if a further application for detention will be made on Wednesday, as the evidential picture is continuously developing."