The new penalties were approved by the South Australian parliament and cover the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara land in the state's north.
Aboriginal Affairs Minister Jay Weatherill said the new laws sent a clear message that the government believed trafficking in petrol on Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara land was no less serious than trafficking illicit drugs.
The new regulations cover the sale, supply and possession of a regulated substance in the knowledge it will be inhaled.