Kurds were bombed, imprisoned, buried in mass graves and in one case a woman watched as her brother's corpse was eaten by dogs, according to new testimony at the genocide trial of former Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein.
Source:
AFP, Reuters
13 Sep 2006 - 12:00 AM  UPDATED 22 Aug 2013 - 12:18 PM

Witness Akram Ali Hussein told the court how his cousin was imprisoned by Saddam's forces near the Saudi border.

"She was driven mad and died after she saw her brother's body eaten by dogs," who dug up the shallow grave outside the prison walls almost 20 years ago.

Mr Hussein told how one bombardment, the villagers crept back to their homes to find them poisoned.

"We saw all the trees and bushes had turned white and we knew it was a chemical attack. It was springtime and everywhere the trees were blooming except for in that place," he said.

In total, four witnesses told their stories Tuesday during the fifth session of the trial of Saddam Hussein over the 1987-1988 Anfal campaign to suppress a Kurdish uprising, which prosecutors say killed 182,000 Kurds.

The witnesses described receiving notification by authorities in 2004 that the identity cards of their relatives, who disappeared during the campaign, had been found in a mass grave in the north.

"I wanted to go to the mass grave to see their bodies but they prevented me," said Omar Khidr Amin, a taxi driver who lost 19 relatives. Kurdish authorities "told me it was not a good place to go," he said.

"I want to know what kind of Koran Saddam Hussein holds in his lap and how it is different from the kind in our mosques that he burned down," he said angrily before the judge silenced him.

At the end of each testimony, witnesses were asked if they wanted compensation for the harm done to them.

"If you gave me everything, it wouldn't bring back my relatives," said Mr Amin.

Anfalized

Witness Abdel Ghafur Abdallah said he spent four months in Iran after his village was attacked and returned to a town built by the former regime to house people displaced from the Kurdish prohibited zones in the north.

He later discovered that his sisters and mother were killed and buried in "a mass grave in Mosul. They were Anfalized," he said, referring to the term used by the Kurds to describe those killed or missing in the campaign.

Saddam Hussein and six others, including his cousin Ali Hassan al-Majid, more commonly known as "Chemical Ali", face genocide and other charges in relation to the Anfal campaign, if found guilty they face execution by hanging.

By the end of the session, Saddam Hussein showed clear annoyance at the condemnations of witnesses, telling the court, "I noticed today that there were too many insults... when we put a lion in a cage, any coward can bring a stick and hit him."

He then described how he negotiated the end to a Kurdish uprising in 1975 once he got the Iranians to stop interfering in Iraq's affairs.

"This means that between the Iraqis, Arabs and Kurds, there were no problems," he said, however he did admit that "there were some tragedies and in the fight, some unpleasant things happened."

Saddam Hussein also objected to the use of the term "peshmerga", which means “those who face death” in Kurdish, to describe Kurdish guerrillas. He suggested instead that they be called insurgents or rebels instead.

When one of the witness’s lawyers defended the term, Saddam Hussein accused him of being an agent of "Iranians and Zionists" and threatened to "crush his head".

"Is there any country in the world where an insurgency breaks out and is not met by the army?" Saddam Hussein asked the chief judge.

Saddam Hussein also demanded that a neutral country examine all evidence found in mass graves. "Get neutral countries like Switzerland or a similar neutral country," he said.

The former dictator is waiting for a verdict next month from his first trial for crimes against humanity in killing of some 148 Shi’ite men from the town of Dujail in the 1980s.