Foreign Minister Nicolas Maduro said authorities at John F. Kennedy International airport tried to frisk and handcuff him on Saturday.
Mr Maduro was trying to catch a flight after attending the UN General Assembly session.
"We're going to put out a protest note, and the US ambassador in Venezuela will be called," Mr Chavez told reporters.
"And in that protest note, it says 'If that happens again, we would be obligated to give at least equal treatment to whomever."'
Security Council row
Mr Chavez also slammed US officials for suggesting that Venezuela would be disruptive if it gained a rotating seat on the UN Security Council.
In a clear reference to Venezuela, US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said the UN Security Council needs "responsible states" and not those who want to air their anti-American views at the expense of solving crucial problems.
“It would mean the end of consensus on the Security Council. Now, that's a serious matter," Rice told The Wall Street Journal in an interview whose transcript was released on Monday by the State Department.
In response Mr Chavez said "it's more evidence of how the US government sees itself as the owner of the world".
"It's the United States that should leave the Security Council," he said.
Apology offered
US officials have apologised to Venezuela over the incident at the airport on Saturday, when Mr Maduro said he was detained for 90 minutes.
The foreign minister called it a flagrant violation of international law and his diplomatic immunity.
Mr Maduro said when one official ordered him to go to another room for a strip-search, he refused.
He also said authorities at one point ordered him and other officials to spread their arms and legs and be frisked, but he said they forcefully refused.
He said officers also threatened to handcuff him.
US Department of Homeland Security officials have denied that Mr Maduro was mistreated, and US ambassador to the United Nations John Bolton derided the Venezuelan’s protest as "street theatre" and propaganda.
The incident came after Mr Chavez called US President George W. Bush "the devil" at the United Nations, increasing already tense relations between Caracas and Washington.