"Now, when our enemies have prematurely declared me moribund or dead, I'm happy to send to our compatriots and friends around the world this short film footage," said the 80 year-old.
The Cuban leader walked unassisted in the five-minute video, in his first public appearance in 40 days.
President Castro, who has held onto power since 1959, temporarily handed over the presidency to his 75 year-old brother Raul on July 31 as he recuperated from gastrointestinal surgery.
The weekend footage showed Castro in a sports jacket as he paged through the Saturday copies of the government dailies Granma and Juventud Rebelde. He also appeared healthier than in previous photographs.
"This," the president says as he lifts the day's newspapers, "is in case there were any doubts that this (was filmed either) ten days ago or today," he said.
He also reminded viewers of his August 1 message, when he said that his recovery would be long "and not exempt of risks."
President Castro said that he follows the television news, and that he "participates in many of the most important decisions with the comrades of the (Communist) Party directive and the government."
During his convalescence Castro has sent four written messages to the Cuban people, and appeared in two videos and in several still pictures.
There have been no photographs of Castro or messages from the Cuban leader since September 18.
In earlier photographs the iconic Cuban leader appeared especially thin – President Castro himself admitted to losing more than 17 kilos. His hospitalisation also fuelled speculation that he might be dying and that a change in the communist regime of nearly five decades might be imminent.