The operation, dubbed Falcon III and conducted by US Marshals backed up by thousands of federal, state and local personnel, was described as the largest ever such round up and involved the arrests of 10,773 fugitives.
The number included 1,659 sex offenders, the US Marshals service said.
"This is only the beginning of our new mission enforcing the provisions of the recently enacted Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act," New York Marshal Joseph Guccione said.
"This week's operation should send a clear message to these offenders about the Marshals Service's commitment to making our streets safer," he added.