Steven Green, 21, could face the death penalty if he's convicted of the charges handed down by a grand jury in Louisville, Kentucky.
Green is one of five US soldiers accused of breaking into a house in the Iraqi town of Mamudiyah on March 12 and raping and killing a 14-year-old girl.
It's alleged the soldiers then set fire to her body and killed her mother, father and 6-year-old sister.
The charges against Green include premeditated murder; murder in perpetration of aggravated sexual abuse; aggravated sexual abuse on a person under the age of 16; conspiracy to commit murder and aggravated sexual abuse; the use of firearms while committing violent crimes; and obstruction of justice.
"The potential statutory penalties for conviction of these offences ranges from a term of years to life in prison to death," the Justice Department said.
Green served with the 101st Airborne Division in Iraq but was dishonorably discharged in May with a "personality disorder."