ما هي القوانين وأنظمة الحكم التي يجب فهمها لاجتياز اختبار الجنسية الأسترالية؟

إن فهم الأمور المتعلقة بالحكومة الأسترالية والقانون الأسترالي وتعلم المفردات الأساسية حول هذين الموضوعين أمر أساسي لاجتياز اختبار الجنسية الأسترالية بكل ثقة.

يعدُّ اجتياز اختبار الجنسية الأسترالية أحد أهم الإنجازات في رحلة أي مهاجر، لكن هذا الاختبار يتم باللغة الإنجليزية. لذلك انضموا إلى لوك وأنجلين حيث سيشرحان لكم الكلمات الرئيسية والأفكار التي تحتاجون معرفتها لاجتياز هذا الامتحان.

تركز الحلقة الثالثة من سلسلة الجنسية الأسترالية على الحكومة والقانون في أستراليا في الجزء الثالث من كتيب

Australian Citizenship: Our Common Bond .

تابعوا كل حلقات سلسلة Learn English Australian Citizenship series.

Transcript

(Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript)

Luke

In Our Common Bond booklet, part three is about the government and Australia's law.

Angeline

He’s Luke, and I’m Angeline. We’ll help you answer questions from the citizenship test about how laws are made and how you, as a citizen, have a say on how Australia is governed.

Luke

In this country, we have compulsory voting. That means that all citizens who are aged eighteen or over MUST vote in federal, state and territory elections and in a referendum.

Angeline

For example, one question could be, 'Is voting in Australian elections compulsory?'.

Luke

Of course the answer is yes. Voting in elections is done by secret ballot. In this method, each person makes their choice privately, or secretly, so that no one else knows how they voted.

Angeline

So, this way, voting is free and safe. What does it take to change the Australian Constitution through a referendum?

Luke

For a referendum to be successful, we must have a double majority. This is when at least four out of the six states and more than 50 per cent of citizens give a YES vote.

Angeline

How many arms of government does Australia have? We are not talking about arms, as in hands.

Luke

No, arms of government are branches or types of government. These are different levels of power that control the government.

Angeline

Under the Australian Constitution, there are three arms of government.

Luke

There is the legislative power which makes laws.

Angeline

Executive power which carries out laws.

Luke

And the judicial power which applies laws.

Angeline

What do we call a proposal to make a law in parliament?

Luke

If a member of parliament proposes to introduce a new law or change an existing one, this proposal is called a ‘Bill’.

Angeline

What do we call the key decision-making body of government?

Luke

The Cabinet. That’s a committee of senior ministers who are responsible for different areas of government. Each area is called a portfolio.

Angeline

Which arm of government has the power to interpret and apply laws?

Luke

Judicial power is given to courts. The High Court is the highest court in the Australian judicial system. A magistrate is a judge who works in a lower court.

Angeline

They make decisions on legal matters, and if a person has broken the law, they decide what penalties they should have.

Luke

A penalty is a punishment that people are given when for breaking the law.

Angeline

Is it illegal to bribe a police officer?

Luke

A bribe is money or something else of value that is offered to someone because you want them to do something, usually something illegal.

So yes, it is illegal to try to bribe a police officer, because they are trying to make sure we all obey the law and so they should be fair.

Angeline

Is it against the law to use a hand-held mobile phone while you’re driving?

Luke

Yes, it is. You should also know that traffic laws are controlled by state and territory governments.

Angeline

Remember, there are three levels of government.

Luke

Australian government, state and territory governments, and local governments.

Angeline

These are all responsible for different services. I’m sure you’ll have a question about it in your test.

Luke

You’ll do fine. It’s all explained in part three of Our Common booklet.

Angeline

It’s available in forty languages. Let’s practise!

Luke

And don’t worry if you don’t get all the answers right – we haven’t talked about everything in the booklet, and you can look up any answers you don’t know in the booklet if you have to. This is only a practice, after all!

Angeline

Which of these is the role of the Governor-General?

• A) The appointment of the state premiers
• B) Signing all Bills passed by the Australian Parliament into law
• C) The appointment of the Head of State

The correct answer is B. The role of the Governor-General includes signing all Bills passed by the Australian Parliament into law.

Luke

Which arm of government has the power to make laws?

• A) Legislative power
• B) Executive power
• C) Judicial power

The correct answer is A. Legislative power is the power to make and change laws.

Angeline

Who is responsible for building permits and social planning?

• A) The Australian Government
• B) State and territory governments
• C) Local governments

The correct answer is C. Local governments are responsible for building permits and social planning.

Luke

What do we call a proposal to make a law in parliament?

• A) A vote
• B) Bill
• C) Ballot

The correct answer is B. The proposal to make a law, or change an existing one, is called a ’Bill’.

Luke

How did you go? Remember, you can always watch this video again if you want to review anything we’ve talked about. Then, when you’re ready, watch our next video. It’s all about Australian values. C’mon, let's finish strong together! 

أكملوا الحوار عبر حساباتنا على فيسبوك وتويتر وانستغرام.