January 26 is one of the most debated dates in Australia’s history. Often described as the nation’s birthday, the day marks neither the formal founding of the colony nor the creation of the Commonwealth. Instead, it reflects a layered history shaped by colonisation, political decisions, and ongoing First Nations resistance. Understanding what actually happened on January 26 reveals why the date is experienced so differently across the country.
Key Points
- The First Fleet arrived at Botany Bay on 18 January 1788, not January 26
- Australia was formally founded on 7 February 1788, not on January 26.
- January 26 has long been a site of protest and truth-telling for First Nations peoples.
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