تبعیض روزمره؛ درد پنهان مردمان بومی آسترالیا

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Indigenous Australians' experiences of racism have increased over the past decade. Credit: Tamati Smith via Canva

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مردمان بومی آسترالیا در دهه گذشته با افزایش تبعیض نژادی روبرو بوده‌اند. یافته‌های تازه نشان می‌دهند که جوانان و جوامع چندفرهنگی می‌توانند نقش مهمی در تغییر این وضعیت داشته باشند.

نهاد "آشتی آسترالیا" یاReconciliation Australia در ماه جون گزارشی نشر کرد که افزایش ۱۵ درصدی تجربه کردن تبعیض نژادی در میان مردمان بومی را در یک دهه گذشته نشان می‌دهد.

در این گزارش آمده است که تبعیض نژادی برای مردمان ملل اول این سرزمین، یک واقعیت روزمره است.

کیلی رایان، روان‌شناس و از نوادگان مردمان گوبی گوبی و جزیره‌نشینان جنوبی آسترالیا، می‌گوید که همه‌پرسی ناکام صدای بومیان، چالش‌های زیادی را برای مردم بومی ایجاد کرد.

بیشتر بخوانید

٧٥ درصد آسترالیایی‌ها نسبت به بومیان تعصب نژادی دارند

او می‌گوید: «این یک باخت بزرگ بود. به همین دلیل، یک نوع فضای پنهان از خصومت ایجاد شد که مردم به دشواری می‌توانستند با آن کنار بیایند. اکثر مردمی‌که فرصت و زمان برای سوگواری نداشتند، هنوز درگیر این اندوه هستند.»

تحقیقات نهاد آشتی آسترالیا دریافته است که جوانان و جوامع چندفرهنگی بیشتر از دیگران در فعالیت‌های روایت حقیقت و بزرگ‌داشت از فرهنگ بومیان اشتراک می‌کنند.

جوردن یانگ، یک مرد از مردمان دارامبال، ورکشاپ‌های را برای معرفی فرهنگ بومیان در مکاتب و محل‌های کار برگزار می‌کند. او اس‌بی‌اس اکزامینس گفت که این کار باعث از میان رفتن تصورات منفی درباره بومیان شده است.

ما با تبعیض نژادی و نژادپرستی متولد نشده ایم. این یک کردار اکتسابی است.

«بناءً بسیار مهم است که به این کودکان یک دیدگاه دیگر و یک برداشت تازه از فرهنگ بومی ارائه کنیم.»

در این قسمت سلسله پادکست "شناخت و درک نفرت" از اس‌بی‌اس‌ اکزامینس به بررسی افزایش تبعیض نژادی علیه مردمان بومی آسترالیا و راه‌های مبارزه با آن می‌پردازیم.

Transcript

spk_0

SBS acknowledges the Traditional Owners of Country throughout Australia.

Kelleigh Ryan

It's like having a threat around you constantly that you can't talk about and no one else sees it because they're not going to receive it.

Nic

From SBS Examines, I’m Nic Zoumboulis. Reconciliation Australia published a report in June, which charted a 15 percent increase in Indigenous people’s experiences of racism over the past decade. It concluded that racism is an everyday reality for First Nations people. In this episode of Understanding Hate, we’re looking at the impact of increasing racism against Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

Kelleigh Ryan

What's happening is your body's getting flooded with cortisol and adrenaline and we experience racism every day and you don't get to actually disperse that chemical response. So, all those chemicals stay in your body and they cause chronic disease.

Nic

That’s Kelleigh Ryan, she’s a psychologist and descendant of the Kabi Kabi people and Australian South Sea Islanders. She said following the failed Voice Referendum, many First Nations people were dealing with the impacts of racism while also grieving the result.

Kelleigh Ryan

It was a great loss. And so it became this invisible blanket of aggression that people had a lot of difficulty with and those who didn't have time and space to grieve were still having to work through that grief.

Nic

Chris Cunneen, a criminology professor at the University of Technology in Sydney, says one in five reports made to their racism register specifically mention the Referendum.

Chris Cunneen

And there was a lot of publicity during that period around the rising levels of racism in the community. There were notorious examples like racist cartoons in the Financial Review, no campaigners, some of the no campaigners anyway, with unfounded claims and conspiracy theories.

Nic

James Blackwell is a Wiradyuri man from Boorowa in regional New South Wales. He said, the online world is where he's witnessed the most racism.

James Blackwell

You are trying to promote the things that are going on in your community, people try to jump in on that and attack you for being Aboriginal and being proud of that.

Nic

James is a local councillor and said while running in the election, some people were meeting him with racist comments.

James Blackwell

There was a lot of harmful stereotypes around what that meant to be an Aboriginal person running for office, people coming up and saying that, 'I'm not going to vote for you because you're Aboriginal'. It kind of throws you for the first kind of second that you're like, 'oh, okay, yeah, that's what we are dealing with here'. And then you have to in the moment reconfigure and go, okay, 'how do I respond to that in a way that doesn't make me just look angry?' Cause that's what they want, they want an angry response.

Nic

The research from Reconciliation Australia found young people and multicultural communities were the most likely to participate in truth-telling activities and celebrations of First Nations culture.

Jordan Young

You're not born with racism. It's a learned trait. So being able to give these kids another viewpoint, another perspective on Aboriginal culture is very, very important.

Nic

That’s Jordan Young, he’s a Darumbal man, based in Rockhampton. He runs workshops that teach Indigenous culture to schools and businesses. Jordan says it’s helped break down negative stereotypes of Indigenous people.

Jordan Young

One of my favourite sayings is 'you got to know where you come from to know where you're going'. We do dance, didgeridoo lessons, emu skirt making, ochre workshops, spear throwing, boomerang throwing. We even teach kids how to cook food underground and from all accounts, confidence levels, self-esteem, sense of identity, have all improved just from regular and consistent engagement with the kids.

Nic

Kelleigh Ryan says we tend to think of people as either being racist or not racist. But a more constructive approach is to view racism as a continuum.

Kelleigh Ryan

If you say a racist thing, but I know you to be a good person, or I have a relationship with you, or I understand you, then I might challenge you. So there we have two individuals coming together to work out what's going on. If I understand, then I won't be afraid.

Nic

If you're in need of support, you can call 13YARN on 13 92 76. This episode was produced and presented by Nic Zoumboulis. To find out more, visit sbs.com.au/sbsexamines

END OF TRANSCRIPT

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