Australia cozah le Ram ngeitu miphun kar Hnatlak biakamnak

First Peoples Assembly Gather In Gardens Of Parliament In Victoria

The First Assembly of First Nations of Victoria pose for a group portrait, Victoria's indigenous body negotiating a state treaty gathered at the Victorian Legislative Assembly for its first session after the election on July 26, 2023 in Melbourne, Australia. Credit: Tamati Smith/Getty Images

SBS Hakha Chin

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Australia cu vawlei cungah a hlun bikmi nunphung a ngei mi Aboriginal le Torres Strait Islander miphun hna umnak hmun a si. Nain, ram mi hmasa hna (First Nations) cu ram ngeitu an sinak kha cozah nih a pom piak hna lo. Australia cu Ram ngeitu miphun he ram i hrawmnak, kokek thil chuak hmannak le khuakhan lai relnak kongah hnatlak biakamnak zeihmanh a ngei rih lo mi ram a si.

Aboriginal land rights, native title, le treaty hna hi zeidah an i dannak a si?

Hi thil pathum hi an chimṭi tawn nain, an sullam an i dang:

Land rights (Vawlei Nawl): Cozah nih a chuahmi phunglam a si i, Cozah vawlei (Crown land) cheukhat cu Aboriginal le Torres Strait Islander miphun hna sin ah pek ṭhan nak a si. Hihi a tlangpi in land councils nih an zohkhenh.
Native title: Upadi ning tein, ram ngeitu hna nih vawlei le ti hmannak kongah nawl an ngeih rih ding mi kha a langhter.
Treaty (Hnatlak biakamnak): Cozah le miphun hlan bik hna karlak ah a ummi hnatlak biakamnak a si.

Hi hna pathum i an hmuitinh cu miphun hlan bik hna caah dingthlelnak (justice), hngalpinak (recognition), le mah le mah i uknak nawl (self-determination) pek ding ah a si.

Australians Observe Australia Day Holiday

Protesters march from Parliament House to Flinders Street Station during the Treaty Before Voice Invasion Day Protest on January 26, 2023, in Melbourne, Australia. (Photo by Alexi J. Rosenfeld/Getty Images) Credit: Alexi J. Rosenfeld/Getty Images

Hnatlak biakamnak kan ti mi cu zeidah a si?

Aboriginal miphun an umnak ram ah, a voikhatnak bik British miphun an rak phanh ah khan mizapi sin ah hi ram hi a hohmanh nih uk le pan lo mi ram ‘terra Nullius’ a si tiah an thanh. Cucaah, Aboriginal miphun hna he ram pakhat i hrawm nak ding kong ceihmai a herh ah an rak ruat lo. Ram ngeitu miphun nih a rih lim lo mi rian/ lo hma ruah ah nihin ni tiang an ruah peng.

Treaties hnatlak biakamnak kan timi cu nawlngeihnak cohlannak cungah dirh mi a si. Sihmansehlaw, hnatlaknak cu phun tampi in tthen khawh a si pinah ceiihhmai ding phun tampi zong a huap chih khawh fawn.

Ceihhmai dingmi thil ah telh chih khawh ding mi hna cu vawlei i hrawmnak kong, kokek thil hmannak le mizapi i uk, i hruainak kong hna an si.

United States, Canada le New Zealand ram hna cu ram mi hmasa, ram ngeitu miphun he ram i hrawmnak kongah hnatlaknak an ser cio nain, Australia cu a ser lo.

Centuries in the making: Could Australia see its first Indigenous Treaty by next year?

Ram ngeitu miphun nih an hmuh ning ah, hnatlak biakamnak cu a luancia caan ah a rak cang mi thil kha cohlan , an covo kilven piak, ram ngeitu miphun he a pehtlai mi thil ceihhmainak a um tikah an aw-aan theih le ngaih piak ve hi an si.

Upadi lei ah hngalhnak a ngei mi Dr Harry Hopps nih a chim mi cu

“Hnatlak biakamnak ser nak kongah, ram ngeitu miphun kha phukhat cun ramkulh cozah le ramkomh cozah kha phukhat tiin biaruahnak um kho sehlaw a tha hnga. Zei cahtiah, Australia phunghram chungah uknak power hi ramkulh le ramkomh uknak phunhnih in a tthen.”

Anmah ram ngeitu miphun chung zongah holh dang a hmangmi an um, hmun dang dang cio ah a tthentthek mi an si tikah tonnak le biaruahnak ser ding hi a har sa ngai. Ceihhmai hmasa ding mi thil chuahpi a si hmanh ah ruahnak a phunphun a chuak.

A man and two women standing near each other and smiling, in front of a wall that has a mural of people marching with signs displaying First Nations messages.

(from left to right) Former Queensland Truth-Telling and Healing Inquiry chairperson Joshua Creamer, NSW Treaty Commissioner Naomi Moran and co-chair of the First Peoples' Assembly of Victoria Ngarra Murray. Credit: NITV / The Point

Zei ruangah hnatlak biakamnak hi a biapit?

Ram ngeitu miphun tampi nih hnatlak biakamnak (treaty) cu dingfel tein uknak le upatnak an hmuh khawh nak ding lam a sial kho tu ah an zumh.

“Ka ruahnak ah, Ram ngeitu miphun le cozah kar i pehtlainak, ramkulh le ramkomh huap a va si zongah, tharchuah tthan khawhnak ding caah cun hnatlak biakamnak treaty hi a biapi bak.”

Hnatlak biakamnak a dirpi mi nih thlennak tampi a chuahpi hrimhrim lai tiah an chim.

Aboriginal le Torres Strait Islander miphun cu Australia ram ngeitu miphun ah pom le cohlan an si lai, cun ram tuanbia le ram uknak kong biatak chim nak hmun le caan ttha a ser lai tiah an zumh.

Hnatlak biakamnak nih zatlangbu le cozah kar i pehtlaihnak tha a ser lai i, lam, ti, ngandamnak, fimcawnnak, inn le lo, rian le sipuazi lei ah tthanchonak a chuahpi lai.

Chankhat hnu chankhat in ram ngeitu miphun hna tuanbia, an holh, nunphung le an sunhsak mi hmunhma hna kilvennak ding caah a bawm kho tu ding cu hnatlak biakamnnak hi a si.

Sihni Tony McAvoy nih a chim mi cu

“Kanmah tein kan i uk khawh, kan nunnak kongah biakhiahnak kan tuah khawh i kanmah tein i zohkhenh khawhnak nawl kan hmuh tikah taksa lei in kan ngan zong a dam, a tthawn zong kan tthawng cun kan thlarau zong a tthang. Hnatlak biakamnak nih a chuahpi mi theipar a si tiah na cohlan khawh ahcun, cucu ram pumpi caah thil tha a si lai.”

I think that we need to have clans and nations represented at the local government level. It is those local communities where we can make real change.
Senator Lidia Thorpe

Independent Senator Lidia Thorpe during Question Time in the Senate chamber at Parliament House in Canberra. Source: AAP / MICK TSIKAS/AAPIMAGE

Australia ah hnatlak biakamnak dirhmun?

Hnatlak biakamnak kong he pehtlaiin Australia ramchungah zei dah a cang?

Hnatlak biakamnak sernak kongah Victoria dirhmun zoh tikah a lam a tluang ngaingai. Ramkulh huap in hnatlak ser dingin timhtuah a si.

Victoria ramkulh cozah nih ram ngeitu miphun aiawhtu palai caah hmunhma a ser mi a um. Thimmi minung nih hmunhma an lak lai i ram ngeitu miphun he a pehtlai mi upadi le phunglam ceih hmai tikah biachimnak nawl an ngei zungzal cang lai.

Hmun dang Queensland, New South Wales, South Australia le Northen Territory ti bantuk ah cun a dirhmun a dang ngaingai.

Cozah cheukhat cu zatlangbu hruaitu he biaruahnak an ngeih lioah, a cheukhat cu hmailei ah zeitin thil kan kalpi lai timi khua lawng an khang rih.

Ram pumpi hnatlak biakamnak nih Australia ram huap in hnatlaknak pakhat a ser lai i ramkulh le ramthen nih an um hmunhma ah a um mi zatlangbu pakhat cio hmai I thlak in rian an ttuan lai.

A dik mi le a hmun zungzal dingmi hnatlaknak ser khawhnak ding caah cun ram pumpi huap in le ramkulh huap in hnatlak biakamnak pahnih ser a hau lai tiah ram ngeitu miphun a dirkamhtu tampi nih an zumh.

This episode contains excerpts from the TV program: Living Black – The Case for a Treaty which was first aired in July 2025. You can watch the full episode on SBS On Demand.