Melbourne is no longer the world's most liveable city after slipping to second place behind Vienna in a global ranking system which handed the Australian city the crown for seven years.
The Economist's 2018 Global Liveability Index has Sydney in fifth place and Adelaide 10th on the list, after calculating scores taking into account 30 factors related to stability, health care, culture, environment, education and infrastructure.
Melbourne and the Austrian capital are separated by just 0.7 per cent.
"Although both Melbourne and Vienna have registered improvements in liveability over the last six months, increases in Vienna's ratings, particularly in the stability category, have been enough for the city to overtake Melbourne," the report released on Tuesday said.
Among other Australia cities to be demoted, Perth has gone from seventh to 14th place since 2017. Auckland, Helsinki and Hamburg have also slipped from the top 10.
However, there has been no drop in these four cities' overall scores.
Damascus in Syria, Port Moresby in PNG and Dhaka in Bangladesh are among the world's 10 least liveable cities.
WORLD'S 10 MOST LIVEABLE CITIES
* 1. Vienna, Austria
* 2. Melbourne, Australia
* 3. Osaka, Japan
* 4. Calgary, Canada
* 5. Sydney, Australia
* 6. Vancouver, Canada
* 7. Toronto, Canada
* 8. Tokyo, Japan
* 9. Copenhagen,
* 10. Adelaide, Australia
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