Australia Explained: Fahmidda "Treaty" - Waxa ay dadka dhulka loogu yimid rabaan inaad ogaato

In kasta oo Australia ay hoy u tahay dhaqamada adduunka kuwa ugu da'weyn ayaanay hadda weli aqoonsanin, heshiisna la gelin dadyowga dhulka loogu yimid ee la yiraahdo First Peoples. Taasoo macneheedu yahay inaan heshiis baahsan laga gaarin wadaagidda dhulka, khayraadka iyo awoodda go'aan-qaadashada. Baro oo wax ka ogow "Treaty" macnahiisa, sida uga duwan yahay 'xuquuq dhul iyo sababta uu muhiim u yahay:

The First Assembly of First Nations of Victoria pose for a group portrait, Victoria's indigenous body negotiating a state treaty gathered at the Victorian Legislative Assembly for its first session after the election on July 26, 2023 in Melbourne, Australia. Credit: Tamati Smith/Getty Images

Key Points

• "Treaty" waa heshiis rasmi ah oo u dhexeey dowladaha iyo dadka Aboriginal iyo Torres Strait Islander.
• Dad badan oo ka mid ah First Nations ayaa u arka in 'treaty' uu yahay tallaabo loo qaadayo caddaalad, ixtiraam iyo xidhiidh wacan.
• Heshiis qaran wuxuu samaynayaa hal heshiis oo Australia oo dhan ka jir oo aqoonsanaya xuquuqda Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander.

• Waa maxay fariga u dhexeeya Aboriginal land rights, native title iyo treaty?
• Heshiis Austarlia ka dhaca macnahiisu waa maxay?
• Muxuu heshiis (treaty) muhiim u yahay?
• Maxaa Ka Socda Australia Hadda?

(Treaty) waa heshiis sharci ahaan waajib ah, oo lagu galo wadaxaajood u dhexeeya kooxo kala duwan — tusaale ahaan, dadka Aboriginal iyo Torres Strait Islander iyo dowladda Australia.

Fahanka heshiiska (treaty) waa hab awood leh oo si qoto dheer loogu dareemo taariikhda Australia. Ma aha oo keliya arrin sharci iyo siyaasad ah, balse waa mid ku saabsan ixtiraam, run, iyo dhisidda bulsho cadaalad ah oo loogu talagalay qof kasta oo dalkan deggan.

Waa maxay fariga u dhexeeya Aboriginal land rights, native title iyo treaty?

In kasta oo looga hadlo si isku mid ah, haddana way kala duwan yihiin.:

• Land rights: Waa sharci ay dowladuhu sameeyaan oo dhulalka qaar dib loogu celiyo dadyowga Aboriginal iyo Torres Strait Islander ayna sida caadiga maamulaan guddoyo.
• Waa aqoonsi sharci ah oo lagu aqoonsado in qaar ka mid ah dadyowga First Nations ay weli xuquuq lahaansho u haystaan dhulkooda iyo biyahooda, xuquuqdaas oo ku salaysan sharciyadoodii iyo caadooyinkoodii soo jireenka ahaa.   
• Treaty:  Waa heshiis rasmi ah oo ka dhexeeya dowladaha iyo First Nations peoples.   

Ujeedadooduna waxay tahay in ay keenaan caddaalad, aqoonsi, iyo ismaamul dhab ah oo loogu talagalay dadka First Nations.

Dibadbaxayaal ayaa socod ka bilaabay Parliament House ilaa Flinders Street Station intii lagu jiray mudaharaadka “Treaty Before Voice Invasion Day Protest” ee la qabtay Janaayo 26, 2023, magaalada Melbourne, Australia. (Sawir: Alexi J. Rosenfeld/Getty Images) Credit: Alexi J. Rosenfeld/Getty Images

Heshiis Austarlia ka dhaca macnahiisu waa maxay?

Heshiis (treaty) waa heshiis sharci ahaan waajib ah oo u dhexeeya laba kooxood. Dalalka New Zealand, dowladdu waxay dakd Moari-ga la gashay heshiis la yiraahdo Waitangi. DalkaCanada-na waxay sidoo kale heshiisy la galeen dadkooda asaliga ee iyana la yiraahdo First Nations Peoples.

Markii ugu horraysay ee uu Ingriisku soo degay dhulka dadka Aboriginalka ah, waxay ula baxeen magac la yiraahdo “terra nullius” — oo macnihiisu yahay dhul aan cidina lahayn. Sidaas awgeed, muhiim umay arkaynin, baahina umay qabin inay la gorgortamaan qabaa'ilka asaliga ah ee ay dhulka ugu yimaaddeen.

Dad badan oo ah dadka dhulka loogu yimid ayaa sidaa daraaddeed, illaa hadda arrintaan ugu yeera, “arrin qabyo ah oo aan weli la dhammeystirin

Ujeeddada ka wada hadlalka 'treaty" waa in la aqoonsadao soo-yaalka, ilaalinta xuquuqda, iyo hubinta in bulshooyinka First Nations ay go'aamada maamulka ku leeyiin cod dhaba agh. Sidaana waxaa yidhi k Dr. Harry Hobbs oo ah khabiir sharci.

“Caadi ahaan, Heshiisyadu, waa in ay si wadajir ah, u wada gorgortamaan bulshada Aboriginal iyo Torres Strait Islander iyo dowladaha federaalka iyo gobolladu, maadaama dastuurka Australia uu awoodda u kala saaro labada heer ee dowladeed” ayuu yiri

Dadka asaliga ah ee Aboriginal iyo Torres Strait Islander waxay doonayaan in la helo mustaqbal la wadaago, taasoo xoojinaysa in qof walba uu guuleysto, isla markaana la aqoonsado lana xuso dhaqanka First Nations ee Australia. Ugu dambeyntii, heshiis(treaty) Australia ka dhaca, wuxuu ka dhigan yahay in si daacad ah looga hadlo wixii hore u dhacay, lana dejiyo jihada cusub ee mustaqbalka.

(ka bilow dhinaca bidixda) Guddoomiyihii hore ee Run-sheegidda iyo Bogsiinta Queensland Joshua Creamer, Komishanka Heshiiska ee NSW Naomi Moran, iyo Guddoomiye-ku-xigeenka Golaha Dadka Ugu Horreeyay ee Victoria Ngarra Murray. Credit: NITV / The Point

Muxuu heshiis (treaty) muhiim u yahay?

Dad badan oo Aboriginal iyo Torres Strait Islander ah ayaa aaminsan in heshiisku yahay tallaabo loo qaadayo in lagu gaaro caddaalad iyo ixtiraam dhab ah.

Reuben Berg, [[ RUUBEN BERG]]oo ah nin ka soo jeeda qabiilka [GUNDHIJMARA] ayaa yiri: "Waxaan aaminsanahay in heshiisku uu muhiim yahay, waa hab lagu hagaajinayo xiriirka u dhexeeya dadka asaliga ah iyo dowladda, ha noqoto heer gobol ama heer qaran-e"

Dadka taageera heshiiska ayaa rumeysan inuu keeni karo isbeddel dhab ah — sida:

• in si rasmi ah loo aqoonsado dadka Aboriginal iyo Torres Strait Islander inay yihiin dadkii ugu horreeyay ee Australia degganaa,
• in la furo meel lagaga run-sheego taariikhda dalka iyo gumaysigii dhacay,
• in la dhiso iskaashi cadaalad ah oo ku saabsan dhul, biyo, caafimaad, waxbarasho, hoy, shaqo iyo horumar dhaqaale. 

Tony McAvoy, waa nin reer Wirdi, garyaqaanna ah:, "“Markaannu awood u helno inaannnu is- xukuno, go’aanno nafteena u gaar ahna gaadhno, oo adeegyo u bixino bulshada, waxaanu noqonaynaa kuwo caafimaad qaba, xooggan, oo ruuxi ahaan iyo dhaqan ahaanba isku kalsoon. Haddii heshiisku taas keeno, waa mid uu wanaagsan guud ahaan dalka oo dhan.”]]."

Senator Lidia Thorpe, oo ah haweeney ka soo jeeda qabiilooyinka [Ganaay], Gunditjmara iyo JAB WARANG], ayaa muddo dheer u ololeyneysey heshiiska. Waxay rumeysan tahay in ay bulshada deegaanku ay iyagu hoggaamiyaan hannaanka heshiiska

Waxay ila tahay, inay tahay in qabiilada iyo qoomiyadaha lagu matalo heerka dowlad hoose. Waa halkaas meesha isbeddel dhab ah laga sameyn karo

Senator Lidia Thorpe

Sentor madax-bannaan, Lidia Thorpe oo joogta qaybta Senate-kee guriga Baarlamaanka Camberra, waqtigii su'aalaha. Source: AAP / MICK TSIKAS/AAPIMAGE

Maxaa Ka Socda Australia Hadda?

Gobolka Victoria, hannaanka heshiiska ayaa durba horey loo dhaqaajiyey, waxaana la filayaa in heshiis guud la gaaro sannadkan 2025.

Waxaa jira gole la yiraahdo First Peoples’ Assembly of Victoria, oo matalaya dadka asaliga ah, si ay cod rasmi ah ugu yeeshaan sharciyada iyo siyaasadaha khuseeya.

Gobollada kale, sida Queensland, New South Wales, South Australia, iyo Northern Territory, ayaa iyagana shaqada heshiisku ka maraysaa heerar kala duwan.

Qaarkood waxay ku dhaqaaqeen inay qabtaan la-tashi bulsho, qaar kalena waxay weli qorsheynayaan tallaabadii ay qaadi lahaayeen.

National treaty, ama heshii qaran waa mid daboolaya Austaralia oo dhan, halka heshiisyada gobolladu ay ku koobnaan doonaan baahida iyo mudnaanta bulshada deegaanka.

Dad badan oo u dooda xuquuqda dadka asaliga ah ayaa aaminsan, in Australia labada heshiisba u baahan tahay — heshiis qaran iyo mid gobol-gobol ahba — si loo gaaro isbeddel dhab ah oo waara.

Heshiisyaduna way kala duwanaan karaan, maadaama bulsho kasta leedahay taariikh iyo baahi u gaar ah.

Marka laga gudbo macnahisa sharci, heshiisku wuxuu ku saabsan yahay xiriir iyo wada noolaansho — si ay dadka Australia, ha ahaadeen asali ama yay ahaanne, u wada noolaadaan oo u wada shaqeeyaan.

Dad badan ayaa u arka inuu heshiisku yahay tallaabo la qaadayo, si loo gaaro, dal aad u mideysan oo caddaal leh, oo qof walba iyo bulsho walba dareemaan inay ka mid yihiin.

(GABA-GABO)

Warbixintan oo ka mid ah taxanaheennii Australia Explained intaasay ku dhan tahay.

Si aad u hesho barnaamijyo kale oo faahfaahsan oo kaa caawinaya inaad si fiican ugu noolaato Australia, kusoo biir ama iska diiwaangeli podcast-ka Australia Explained.

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