Anderson finished with figures of 4-27 from 13 overs but his opening partner Stuart Broad struggled for rhythm ahead of the five-test series against Australia starting later this month.
Broad picked up one for 64 from 13 overs while Chris Woakes, who last season struggled with injuries, went wicketless in 15 overs.
"You could probably see from the first session that we were pretty rusty as bowlers," Anderson told reporters. "We didn't get it right. The point (of the warm-up match) is to try to get into the tour.
"We've got two first-class games coming up that we want to be fit for and get the cobwebs out."
Western Australia were bowled out for 338 but kept batting to allow England a full day on the field.
Leg-spinner Mason Crane and pace bowler Craig Overton picked up two wickets each, boosting their hopes of making their debuts during the series. Jake Ball returned figures of 1-31.
England's bowlers initially struggled to make an impact as Western Australia openers Josh Philippe and Jake Carder put on 80 runs for the first wicket. Overton dismissed Carder for 22 to break the stand.
The 20-year-old Philippe, who is yet to play a first-class match was impressive in his knock of 88, studded with 16 fours.
England play their second warm-up match against a Cricket Australia XI in Adelaide starting on Wednesday. Brisbane will host the first match of the five-test Ashes series from Nov. 23.
(Reporting by Sudipto Ganguly in Mumbai; editing by Ed Osmond)
