The top four teams after 18 matches go through to the Russia finals while the fifth-placed team go into an intercontinental playoff for one more berth.
Aguero, who has been in fine form with three goals in City’s first three Premier League matches, came off with a pain in his calf two minutes from the end of Sunday’s 3-1 win over West Ham United.
The striker could be in trouble with the English FA after television replays appeared to show him elbowing West Ham’s Winston Reid in the throat in an incident missed by the referee at City.
Aguero risks a suspension that would put him out of the Manchester derby against United after the international break.
Pastore missed PSG’s 3-1 defeat at Monaco on Sunday.
The AFA did not say if Bauza, whose squad are now down to 25 players, would call up replacements.
Aguero was set to lead the Argentina attack in the absence from the squad of Gonzalo Higuain.
His withdrawal opens the door for Higuain’s Juventus team mate Paulo Dybala or a first cap for Lucas Pratto of Brazil’s Atletico Mineiro or Lucas Alario.
Alario, who has caught the eye of top European clubs, helped River Plate to retain the South American Cupwinners' Cup in midweek then scored in the 4-1 victory over Banfield in their opening match of the Argentine league season on Sunday.
(Writing by Rex Gowar; Editing by Clare Fallon)
