The day before her 43rd birthday, American Kristin Armstrong has won her third-straight Olympic gold medal in the women's road time trial.
Russian Olga Zabelinskaya finished second, two years after she tested positive to the banned substance octapamine.
Zabelinskaya served an 18-month suspension and competed on Wednesday despite the IOC's decision last month to ban any Russian competitors with doping records from the Rio Games.
At one stage Zabelinskaya, the bronze medallist at the London Olympics, raised her arms and smiled broadly as the fastest three riders waited in their finish line hot seats.
But Armstrong, the last rider to start, relegated her to the silver medal in the wet conditions at coastal Pontal.
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Armstrong also had a controversial lead-up to Rio, with the American star surviving a selection appeal from reigning national time trial champion Carmen Small.
Armstrong retired after her first gold medal in Beijing, had a child, came back to win gold in London, retired again, and made another comeback for Rio.
Australian Katrin Garfoot was pleased with her ninth placing, given a lung infection last month cruelled her hopes of contending for the gold medal.
Armstrong clocked 44 minutes 26.42 seconds for the 29.7km course at an average speed of 40km/h.
Zabelinskaya was 5.33 seconds slower.
Belgian Anna van der Breggen, who won the women's road race on Sunday, was 11.38 seconds slower than Armstrong for the bronze medal.
Garfoot finished at 1:08.61 off Armstrong's time.
