About 80 protesters have been removed from the public gallery after they repeatedly interrupted question time following the passage of the carbon tax in the Lower House.
The protesters chanted "democracy is dead" and "no mandate".
They included Peter Madden, who helped organise the anti-carbon tax 'Convoy of No Confidence' in August.
There were two teams of protesters, seated on each side of the lower house chamber. They stood up one group at a time to disrupt Ms Gillard as she attempted top answer a question from a Liberal MP.
The protesters were escorted from the chamber by security guards but could still be heard as they left the public area.
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Earlier, one woman shouted "liar" while Ms Gillard was addressing the house.
Speaker Harry Jenkins warned that it was a privilege to be allowed into the public gallery. "I hope that visitors understand they are not permitted to intervene in proceedings," he said.
CARBON TAX PASSES LOWER HOUSE
The Lower House of Parliament passed a contentious new tax on carbon pollution to combat climate change today, culminating years of heated debate.
The deeply divisive levy will mean the nation's biggest producers of carbon emissions will be forced to pay to pollute from July 1, 2012 -- initially at a fixed price before moving to a market-based trading scheme.
Government ministers embraced and clapped after the vote, with Prime Minister Julia Gillard kissing the man she ousted to become leader, Kevin Rudd, in the celebrations.
This time around the government knows the 19 carbon tax bills will sail through the upper house by November 21, with the support of the Australian Greens.
"It's been a difficult debate but the debate is now concluded," Ms Gillard said before participating in the historic vote.
"Today is a significant day for Australians and the Australians of the future who want to see a better environment."
Conservation groups hail vote
Conservation and climate groups urged the speedy progress of the bills through the Senate and into law.
The Climate Institute chief executive John Connor said the legislation will create a potential "win-win" for a cleaner and more competitive Australian economy and support international efforts to tackle climate change.
"This has been an ugly and very long debate and we congratulate those who backed this legislation in the House of Representatives," he said in a statement.
Coalition 'would repeal carbon price'
But Mr Abbott insists Wednesday's vote does not create the certainty Labor and many in the business community want.
He has pledged a Coalition government will repeal the carbon price no matter how long it takes - even if that means calling a double-dissolution election down the track.
"This is a pledge in blood - this tax will go," Mr Abbott told ABC Radio on Wednesday.
"We can get rid of it, we will get rid of it, we must get rid of it."
The prime minister believes that's a lie. She says half of the parliamentary Liberal Party believes in putting a price on carbon and wiser heads will prevail.
"For Tony Abbott this is all about the politics and political theatre," Ms Gillard told ABC Radio. "People should not take his assertions about repeal seriously. They don't deserve to be believed."
Greening of Australia 'under way'
Meanwhile, Greens leader Bob Brown said his party could take "a great deal of credit" for the carbon price passing parliament because it made its support of the minority government contingent on Labor taking action to tackle climate change.
"The greening of Australia is well under way," Senator Brown said. Labor won the vote on the 18 carbon tax bills 74 to 72 with the support of independents Rob Oakeshott, Tony Windsor and Andrew Wilkie, and Greens MP Adam Bandt.
Mr Bandt, who won his seat from Labor at the 2010 election, said the voters of his electorate in Melbourne had made the legislation possible.
"By voting Green, they kick-started action on climate change," he said in a statement.
The lower house also passed the government's $300 million steel transformation plan bill 75 to 71 with Queensland independent Bob Katter getting on board.
