"I am very much looking forward to a new challenge and the opportunity at Edinburgh Rugby ticked all the boxes," Cockerill said in a statement.
"It's a real rugby city, and the club has a lot of potential to grow on, and off, the pitch."
Edinburgh's acting head coach Duncan Hodge will stay in charge until the end of the season before returning to his previous position of backs coach when Cockerill takes over.
News that makes sense
Your trusted source for staying up-to-date with the world around you. Get free daily news updates and analysis, straight to your inbox.
Edinburgh's assistant coaches Stevie Scott and Pete Wilkins remain in their posts.
(Reporting by Simon Jennings in Bengaluru)
