The Serb grabbed the opening set with a hold to love, having dropped just four points on his serve overall.
Coric, who collected one of the biggest wins of his career by defeating Roger Federer in the semi-finals, looked far from his best in his first ATP Masters final as he dropped his serve in the opening game of the second set.
The 21-year-old saved three match points to hold serve in the ninth game before Djokovic served out to clinch his fourth title of the season.
"This was definitely one of the best service weeks that I've had in my career," Djokovic, who did not drop his serve during the tournament, said.
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"I was saying before that I have never played on faster courts here in Shanghai, so this year more than ever I needed a lot of success with the first serves in."
Djokovic, who has returned to his brutal best this season with Grand Slam wins at Wimbledon and the U.S Open, will surpass Federer as world number two when the next edition of the ATP rankings are released on Monday.
"Obviously the last three, four months have been terrific for me," Djokovic added. "Not many holes in the game in general, especially this week. Everything worked perfectly."
The 14-times Grand Slam champion extended his winning streak to 18 matches as he continues to chase Rafa Nadal's world number one crown, with the Spaniard skipping the Asian swing to recover from a knee injury.
(Reporting by Hardik Vyas in Bengaluru; Editing by Toby Davis)
