Gohouri, 34, played in the Premier League with Wigan Athletic between 2010 and 2012 after joining from Bundesliga side Borussia Moenchengladbach.
TSV said on their website that the player's death had been confirmed by Duesseldorf police who found the body near the city of Krefeld.
Former team mate and Wigan manager Gary Caldwell, whose side now play in the third tier of English football, expressed his sadness.
"I heard the fans singing his name and we heard about the news in the dressing room," he said after a 1-1 draw at Scunthorpe United.
News that makes sense
Your trusted source for staying up-to-date with the world around you. Get free daily news updates and analysis, straight to your inbox.
"For somebody so young to lose their life is very sad, it’s tragic to find out about a former team mate passing away."
Former Ivory Coast and Chelsea striker Didier Drogba also paid tribute to Gohouri.
"So sad about this news...lost one of my soldiers, Cote d'Ivoire lost one of its most loyal sons. My thoughts go to the family. RIP bro," said Montreal Impact player Drogba on his Twitter account.
(Reporting by Alan Baldwin, editing by Tony Jimenez)
