Scientists have modified genes in the blood cells of HIV patients to help them resist the AIDS virus, and say the treatment seems safe and promising.
The results give hope that this approach might one day free at least some people from needing medicines to keep HIV under control, a form of cure.
The idea came from an AIDS patient who appears cured after getting a cell transplant seven years ago in Berlin from a donor with natural immunity to HIV. Only about one per cent of people have two copies of the gene that gives this protection.
Researchers are seeking a more practical way to get similar results by using gene therapy to modify patients' own blood cells.
A study of this in 12 patients was led by Dr Carl June at the University of Pennsylvania with results publishedon Thursday in the New England Journal of Medicine. These are the first published results from this method, which also has been tried in several smaller studies of patients in California.
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HIV usually infects blood cells through a protein on their surface, a "docking station" called CCR5. A California company, Sangamo BioSciences, makes a treatment that can knock out a gene that makes CCR5.
The 12 HIV patients had their blood filtered to remove some of their cells. The gene-snipping compound was added in the lab, and the cells were infused back into the patients.
Four weeks later, half of the patients were temporarily taken off AIDS medicines to see the gene therapy's effect. The virus returned in all but one of them, but the modified cells seemed to be protected from HIV infection and were more likely to survive than the cells that had not been treated.
"We knew that the virus was going to come back in most of the patients," but the hope is that the modified cells eventually will outnumber the rest and give the patient a way to control viral levels without medicines, said Dr Pablo Tebas, one of the Penn researchers. That would be what doctors call a "functional cure," because the virus would still be present but held in check without treatment.
The lone patient whose HIV did not return turned out to have one copy of the protective gene, so "nature had done half of the job already," Tebas said.
