Rescue crews are searching for survivors in homes buried by dirt and sludge.
Loosened by heavy rains, tons of dirt and trees tumbled onto Santa Catarina Pinula in a valley on the southeastern flank of the capital late on Thursday, flattening dozens of flimsy houses when many residents had gone home for the night.
An aerial video broadcast in Guatemalan media showed the tree-lined hillside laid bare above a huge mound of earth, foliage and debris that completely covered part of the town, which hugs the side of a river in a deep ravine.
Scores of rescue workers labored until nightfall to recover bodies from the tangle of mangled walls, beds and furniture churned up in the landslide. A Reuters photo showed the face of one person who had apparently been buried alive.
Alejandro Maldonado, head of Guatemalan disaster agency CONRED, told a news conference that as many as 600 people could still be missing after the disaster, which he said hit 125 homes.
Fire services spokesman Julio Sanchez said 25 bodies had been recovered at the scene, just short of a figure of 26 deaths he had earlier stated.
Rescue operations are due to resume at dawn on Saturday.
Survivors of the catastrophe were distraught.
"I feel like I've lost my loved ones because all my neighbors died," said mother-of-three Melina Hidalgo, 35.
She was washing clothes when there was a loud crash and the lights went out. She found neighboring houses covered in soil and mud. Felled electricity poles were giving off sparks and crying people searched for children, Hidalgo added.
Guatemalan media said rescuers heard voices under collapsed buildings and earth as they struggled to dig people out.
The landslide was one of the worst in recent memory in the impoverished Central American country, which has been in political turmoil as it prepares to elect a new president.
Last month, the outgoing president Otto Perez was forced to stand down and was arrested on corruption charges.
Marta Guitz, 37, returned from work to find her house buried by the landslide and was unable to reach Dany, her 17-year-old son, who she believed was inside.
"My husband is there now, shoveling through soil to find our son," the domestic worker said, her eyes filling with tears.
Oscar Raul de Leon and his family abandoned their home and he looked for his cousin, but all he found were the remains of the relative's home.
Earlier, authorities said at least 25 people were injured.
The government said 600 people were helping sift the rubble for survivors while authorities set up a shelter for those left homeless.
In October 2005, heavy rainfall sparked a devastating landslide in Panabaj in southwestern Guatemala, burying the village. Hundreds of people are believed to have died, and many of the bodies were never recovered.
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