For the first time, a treatment that boosts the immune system greatly improved survival in people newly diagnosed with the most common form of lung cancer.
It's the biggest win so far for immunotherapy, which has had much of its success until now in less common cancers.
In the study, Merck's Keytruda, given with standard chemotherapy, cut in half the risk of dying or having the cancer worsen, compared to chemo alone after nearly one year.
The results are expected to quickly set a new standard of care for patients whose lung cancer has already spread by the time it's found.
Another study found that an immunotherapy combo - the Bristol-Myers Squibb drugs Opdivo and Yervoy - worked better than chemo for delaying the time until cancer worsened in advanced lung cancer patients whose tumours have many gene flaws, as nearly half do. But the benefit lasted less than two months on average and it's too soon to know if the combo improves overall survival, as Keytruda did.
All of these immune therapy treatments worked for only about half of patients, but that's far better than chemo has done in the past.
"We're not nearly where we need to be yet," said Dr. Roy Herbst, a Yale Cancer Center lung expert who had no role in the studies.
Results were discussed on Monday at an American Association for Cancer Research conference in Chicago and published by the New England Journal of Medicine. The studies were sponsored by the drug-makers, and many study leaders and Herbst consult for the companies.
