Iraq's Kurds will vote for their parliament as the autonomous region grapples with disputes with the federal government while fellow Kurds fight bloody battles across the border in Syria.
The legislative election on Saturday also comes amid questions over the future of the Kurdish nation, spread across historically hostile countries that have more recently either shown a willingness to discuss Kurdish demands or been in conflict, allowing Kurds to carve out their own territory.
The vote is the first of its kind to be held in Kurdistan, a three-province autonomous region in north Iraq, in more than four years.
It will see three main parties jostle for position in the Kurdish parliament, with long-term implications both domestically and farther afield.
The Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) of regional president Massoud Barzani is widely expected to garner the largest number of seats.
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But the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), which is in government with the KDP, faces a challenge from the Goran faction in its own backyard as it struggles with leadership questions as its long-time chief Jalal Talabani, the Iraqi president, recuperates in Germany from a stroke.
Internationally, the focus is likely to be on the region's increasingly strident moves in recent years towards full-fledged independence from Iraq's federal government.
This has drawn the ire of Baghdad, and the two sides are also locked in a protracted dispute over a swathe of land which Kurdistan wants to incorporate, over the objections of the federal government.
The region has also become more involved in the 30-month-long civil war in neighbouring Syria.
Clashes last month between Kurdish forces and jihadists keen to secure a land corridor connecting them to Iraq pushed tens of thousands of Syrian Kurds across the border, seeking refuge in Iraq's Kurdish region.
In all, 2.8 million Iraqi Kurds are eligible to vote in the election for the 111-seat legislature, which drafts its own laws.
Kurdistan also operates its own security forces and visa regime and has control over a wide array of other responsibilities.
But while it claims its citizens enjoy greater freedoms than their compatriots elsewhere in Iraq, Kurdish authorities have been criticised for a litany of rights abuses.
Ahead of the polls, attacks on Goran supporters have left one person dead and several wounded.
