Scotland, who had led until the dying seconds of the game at Hampden Park, a result that would have kept alive their qualification hopes, are now out of the race with 12 points from nine matches.
Lewandowski continued his prolific form when he opened the scoring in the third minute, sliding the ball beneath Scotland keeper David Marshall.
The hosts drew level with a rasping left-footed shot from Matt Ritchie beyond the reach of Poland keeper Lukasz Fabianski on the stroke of halftime.
Better was to come for the Scots when Steven Fletcher curled home a superb effort in the second half, whipping the home crowd into a frenzy.
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That enthusiasm was dampened, however, when news filtered through that Ireland were beating Germany and a sour end to the evening was completed when Lewandowski levelled four minutes into stoppage time, squeezing the ball in from close range.
(Reporting by Toby Davis; editing by Ed Osmond)
