Mr Macron's comments came as leaders met to discuss the trillions of dollars of investment in clean energy needed if the climate deal is to stay on track.
He is hosting world leaders for talks two years to the day since the Paris agreement.
"We are very far from the goal of the Paris agreement of limiting the rise in temperatures to below a two-degree threshold," he told Le Monde newspaper.
"Without much stronger mobilisation, a jolt to our means of production and development, we will not succeed," he warned.
Tuesday's talks were overshadowed by US President Donald Trump's decision in June to pull out of the pact, which had taken nearly 200 nations more than two decades to negotiate.
Mr Macron reminded Trump on Monday of his responsibility to history over his decision to quit the agreement, in an interview aired on CBS.
"I'm pretty sure that my friend President Trump will change his mind in the coming months or years," he added.
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