US President Barack Obama has urged world leaders to do more to safeguard vulnerable nuclear facilities to prevent "madmen" from groups like Islamic State from getting their hands on a nuclear weapon or a radioactive "dirty bomb".
Speaking at a nuclear security summit in Washington, Obama said the world faced a persistent and evolving threat of nuclear terrorism despite progress in reducing such risks. "We cannot be complacent," he said.
Obama said no group had succeeded in obtaining bomb materials but that al Qaeda had long sought them, and he cited actions by Islamic State militants behind recent attacks in Paris and Brussels that raised similar concerns.
"There is no doubt that if these madmen ever got their hands on a nuclear bomb or nuclear material, they would certainly use it to kill as many innocent people as possible," he said. "It would change our world."
Obama hosted more than 50 world leaders for his fourth and final summit focused on efforts to lock down vulnerable atomic materials to prevent nuclear terrorism, which he called "one of the greatest threats to global security" in the 21st century.
North Korea's nuclear defiance was also high on the agenda.
Obama has less than 10 months left in office to follow through on one of his signature foreign policy initiatives.
While gains have been made, arms-control advocates say the diplomatic process - which Obama conceived and championed - has lost momentum and could slow further once he leaves the White House in January.
A boycott by Russian President Vladimir Putin, unwilling to join in a US-dominated gathering at a time of increased tensions between Washington and Moscow over Ukraine and Syria, may have contributed to summit results marked by mostly technical measures instead of policy breakthroughs.
At the closing news conference, Obama, a Democrat, made clear that the raucous Republican presidential race, particularly controversial comments by party front-runner Donald Trump, weighed on leaders' discussions on the summit sidelines.
Obama sternly dismissed as proof of foreign-policy ignorance Trump's recent suggestion that Japan and South Korea should be allowed to build their own nuclear arsenals, putting him at odds with decades of US policy.
"The person who made the statements doesn't know much about foreign policy or nuclear policy or the Korean peninsula, or the world generally," Obama said, adding that Americans didn't want anyone with such views to occupy the White House.
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