Amid growing fears about online surveillance and data theft, Americans are increasingly taking steps to remove or mask their digital footprints on the internet, a study shows.
The Pew Research Center report says 86 per cent of US internet users have taken some steps to avoid online surveillance by other people or organisations.
Despite these precautions, 21 per cent of online adults in the survey have had an email or social media account hijacked and 11 per cent have had information like Social Security numbers or financial data stolen.
The report said 12 per cent of those using the internet have been stalked or harassed online, and six per cent have been the victim of an online scam and lost money.
Another six per cent said they have had their reputation damaged because of something that happened online, and four per cent said they were in physical danger because of something that happened online.
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According to the study, 50 per cent of internet users say they are worried about the amount of personal information about them that is online - a figure that has jumped from 33 per cent in 2009.
"Users clearly want the option of being anonymous online and increasingly worry that this is not possible," said Lee Rainie, director of the Pew Research Center's Internet Project and an author of the report.
"Their concerns apply to an entire ecosystem of surveillance. In fact, they are more intent on trying to mask their personal information from hackers, advertisers, friends and family members than they are trying to avoid observation by the government."
The survey found some 64 per cent of online adults clear "cookies" which store information, or their browser history and 41 per cent have disabled cookies.
Some delete material they have posted in the past, create usernames that are hard to tie to them, use public computers to browse, or give inaccurate information about themselves.
Roughly 14 per cent of the users survey said they at times encrypt email and 14 per cent say they use services like virtual networks that allow them to browse without being tied to a specific internet protocol (IP) address.
The researchers surveyed 1002 adults, including 792 internet and smartphone users, from July 11-14.
