Yamaha's Maverick Vinales was second fastest, 0.154 seconds slower than his fellow-Spaniard, with Italian team mate Valentino Rossi qualifying fourth.
The top five riders on the grid were split by a mere 0.244 of a second.
Britain's Cal Crutchlow, last year's winner of a damp and chaotic race in Argentina, will line up in eighth place for LCR Honda.
News that makes sense
Your trusted source for staying up-to-date with the world around you. Get free daily news updates and analysis, straight to your inbox.
(Reporting by Alan Baldwin in London, editing by Pritha Sarkar)
