The US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has launched and tested a new umbrella-like heat shield, opening the door to landing humans on Mars.
Dubbed the Adaptable Deployable Entry Placement Technology (ADEPT), it stores like a folded umbrella inside smaller rockets, opening handle-up in space to protect payloads entering a planet's atmosphere, said principal project investigator Brandon Smith.
The shape allows it to protect larger areas than current heat shields.
"At the larger scales, it could be used for something as grand as human Mars explorations, or potentially human cargo landings on Mars," Smith told Reuters on Wednesday at the Spaceport America launch site, about 80km north of Las Cruces, New Mexico.
NASA is preparing to send a new rover robotic lander to Mars in 2020 and plans to send human astronauts in 2033. The rover will search for previous signs on life on Mars and demonstrate technology that could help astronauts survive there.
The goal of sending humans to Mars was set in 2010 during the administration of President Barack Obama and was affirmed by President Donald Trump last December.
Before NASA can send humans to Mars, it will need to land a lot of cargo there and the new heat shield could help if it works, Smith said. The system could also be used with crew capsules, protecting astronauts.
ADEPT, launched with a Spaceloft suborbital rocket made by UP Aerospace, was tested at the spaceport in southern New Mexico. It deployed between 100 and 120km before opening and making its way back to Earth, landing at White Sands Missile Range.
Data gathered from the test will not be available until the shield is recovered, officials said. The system, once implemented, will allow NASA to send more complex missions to other planets.
"Typically, heat shields are rigid structures, but this one can actually deploy in space," Smith said. "What that allows you to do is to get around the volume constraints of a typical launch vehicle that are long and slender."
The new heat shield also can be used to run recoverable experiments in Earth's upper atmosphere and send probes to Venus, Smith said.
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