Mount Hope in the British Antarctic Territory was recently remeasured and found to be 377m taller than thought, meaning it overtakes Mount Jackson, the territory's previous record holder, by 55m.
At 3239m, Mount Hope on the part of the continent claimed by the UK towers above the highest mountain in the British Isles: Ben Nevis at 1345m.
The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) said the discovery was made during surveys to update maps.
Adrian Fox, head of mapping and geographic information at BAS, said: "This is an exciting discovery within the British Antarctic Territory.
"Modern satellite data highlights how inaccurate previous surveys and maps were for some parts of the region.
"As well as discovering Mount Hope is the highest mountain in the territory, we have identified several other interesting discoveries.
"These include new mountain heights, ranges in new locations by up to five kilometres and even some new peaks which hadn't been surveyed before.
"Maps with reliable measurements of the highest peaks are an essential safety requirement for flight planning.
"Accurate elevation data from satellite imagery now allows us to produce these resources for Antarctica, where flying is difficult at the best of times."
The tallest mountain in the Antarctic is Mount Vinson - which is not part of the British Antarctic Territory - at 4892m.
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