Osieck gave the marksman, who is goalless in 15 games for the Socceroos and was dropped for the World Cup in South Africa, the chance to break his drought in next month's friendlies against Switzerland and Poland.
McDonald was named alongside Everton's Tim Cahill and Fulham goalkeeper Mark Schwarzer, as well as ex-Premier League players Harry Kewell and Lucas Neill, both now with Turkey's Galatasaray.
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Osieck, assistant to Franz Beckenbauer during Germany's 1990 World Cup win, is tasked with rebuilding Australia after a disappointing time in South Africa, where they departed in the group stages.
He was little known in Australia before his appointment, prompting the newspaper headline, "Holger who?"
Australia play Switzerland on September 3 and Poland on September 7.
Kewell, 31, will be keen to underline his importance to the team after media criticism that he was a distraction during the World Cup, prompting a furious outburst on live TV.
"There's no circus that surrounds me," Kewell fumed to ex-Socceroos team-mate Robbie Slater, now a media pundit, last week.
"The only circus that is created by me is the circus that you people run, like you and the likes of your friends. No one else."
Squad: Michael Beauchamp (Melbourne Heart/AUS), Nathan Burns (AEK Athens/GRE), Tim Cahill (Everton/ENG), David Carney (FC Twente/NED), Jason Culina (Gold Coast Utd/AUS), Brett Emerton (Blackburn Rovers/ENG), Adam Federici (Reading/ENG), Richard Garcia (Hull City/ENG), Brett Holman (AZ Alkmaar/NED), Mile Jedinak (Genclerbirligi/TUR), Josh Kennedy (Nagoya Grampus/JPN), Harry Kewell (Galatasaray/TUR), Scott McDonald (Middlesbrough/ENG), Lucas Neill (Galatasaray/TUR), Jade North (Tromso IL, NOR), Mark Schwarzer (Fulham/ENG), Matthew Spiranovic (Urawa Red Diamonds/JPN), Carl Valeri (US Sassuolo Calcio/ITA), Dario Vidosic (FC Nurnberg/GER), Luke Wilkshire (Dinamo Moscow/RUS)
