More than a third of all North American bird species are at risk of becoming extinct unless significant action is taken, scientists who are part of a tri-nation initiative have said, adding that ocean and tropical birds are in particular danger.
The study, compiled by the North American Bird Conservation Initiative and the first of its kind to look at the vulnerability of bird populations in Canada, the United States and Mexico, said 37 per cent of all 1154 species on the continent needed urgent conservation action.
The governments of Canada, the United States and Mexico created the North American Bird Conservation Initiative in 1999.
More than half the species for oceans and tropical forests are on a special watch list because of small and declining populations, limited ranges and severe threats to their habitats.
"The outlook for oceanic birds ... is the bleakest of any North American bird group," said the report, which blamed invasive predators such as rats and cats on nesting islands as well as overfishing, pollution and climate change.
Ways to address the problem include removing predators, expanding protected marine areas and reducing the amount of plastic products that end up in the ocean and can trap or choke birds, the report said.
Many species in coastal, grassland and arid habitats are declining steeply, in particular long-distance migratory shore birds.
The main causes are sea level rise, coastal development, human activity and oil spills, the report said.
