Chlortalidone is a diuretic drug which features in the World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) list of prohibited substances.
"In accordance with the ICC Anti-Doping Code, pending the outcome of the disciplinary process, Yasir has been provisionally suspended," the ICC added.
The 29-year-old was the second player from the subcontinent to be provisionally suspended for a doping violation recently. Sri Lanka wicketkeeper-batsman Kusal Perera faces a four-year ban after his 'B' sample tested positive for a banned substance.
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Shah's sample was taken in Abu Dhabi which hosted the second match of Pakistan's one-day series against England.
A wily leg-spinner who has bagged 76 wickets in 12 tests, Shah has also played 15 one-dayers.
(Reporting by Amlan Chakraborty in New Delhi; editing by Ed Osmond)
