The 31-year-old former Bayern Munich and Arsenal forward brought down the curtain on his 12-year international career last August, having played 129 matches and scored 48 goals for Germany.
"I can confirm that at the end of this season I will join Vissel Kobe from the J-League in Japan," Podolski wrote on his Instagram page.
"It's not a decision against Galatasaray, it's a decision I made for a new challenge, and I will explain more when the time is right."
While Chinese clubs has been spending huge amounts of money to lure top footballing talent to their Super League, Podolski is a rare high-profile foreign signing for a J League club.
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Vissel Kobe, owned by online retailing giant Rakuten, finished runners-up in the second stage of the J League last year but failed to make it to the championship phase.
"We are very excited to have a world-class striker join the Vissel Kobe team," Rakuten co-founder Hiroshi Mikitani said in a news release.
"We have very high expectations of Podolski's ability to take the Vissel Kobe team to victory in the J League."
The current Turkish championship campaign runs until the end of May. The 2017 J League season started last weekend.
(Reporting by Nick Mulvenney in Sydney, editing by Pritha Sarkar)
