The White House defended phone-tapping as a vital tool to combat terrorism Thursday but a further wave of revelations about a vast Internet surveillance program looked certain to trigger fresh outrage.
A massive spy agency sweep of domestic phone records, reported by Britain's Guardian newspaper on Wednesday, was greeted with anger by civil liberties groups, who decried the program as "beyond Orwellian."
The controversy looked set to widen as the Washington Post and Guardian newspaper reported that the National Security Agency (NSA) had tapped directly into the servers of Internet giants -- including Microsoft, Google, Facebook and Apple -- to obtain videos, photographs and emails.
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The phone records program, which began under president George W. Bush, was detailed in a Guardian report based on a copy of a secret court order requiring telephone provider Verizon to turn over call records.
Advocates say the data, collected by the NSA on calls inside and outside the United States, can be crunched to show patterns of communication to alert spy agencies to possible planning for terror attacks.
Senior US officials, while not confirming reports in the Guardian, defended the concept of collecting millions of phone records, and argued the program was lawful and subject to multiple checks and balances across the government.
"The top priority of the president of the United States is the national security of the United States. We need to make sure we have the tools we need to confront the threat posed by terrorists," White House spokesman Josh Earnest said.
"What we need to do is balance that priority with the need to protect civil liberties," he said, adding that President Barack Obama welcomed debate on the issue.
Mike Rogers, Republican chairman of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, said the program was vitally important.
"Within the last few years this program was used to stop a terrorist attack in the United States. We know that," Rogers said.
Officials said the program did not "listen in" on calls or pull the names of those on the line, but simply collated phone numbers, the length of individual calls and other data.
A US official said the program allows counterterrorism investigators to find out whether suspected terrorists have been in contact with other suspects, particularly people located in the United States.
Randy Milch, Verizon's Executive Vice President and General Counsel, said in a message to staff he was legally forbidden to comment but that any such court order would compel the company to comply.
The revelations ignited new controversy for the White House as it battles claims of harsh treatment toward leakers, accessing phone records of the Associated Press and targeting a Fox News reporter in an intelligence probe.
An NSA phone surveillance program was first reported during the Bush administration and formed part of the sweeping anti-terror laws and surveillance structure adopted after the September 11, 2001 attacks.
But the latest revelations are the first sign that the technique is continuing under Obama -- though laws authorizing such practices had already been reauthorized under the current administration.
"It's a program in which some untold number of innocent people have been put under the constant surveillance of government agents," said Jameel Jaffer, deputy legal director of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU).
"It is beyond Orwellian."
But Dianne Feinstein, chairwoman of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, said the program was lawful and couched in legal safeguards.
"The information goes into a database, the metadata, but cannot be accessed without what's called, and I quote, 'reasonable, articulable suspicion' that the records are relevant and related to terrorist activity," Feinstein said.
However the fresh revelations late Thursday of an NSA program known as PRISM -- which gave the intelligence community direct access to the servers of web titans including Microsoft, Yahoo, Google, Facebook, Apple, PalTalk, AOL, Skype and YouTube -- will likely generate even more controversy.
Reports said PRISM enabled the NSA and FBI to track an individual's web presence via analysis of audio, video, photographs, emails and connection logs.
The program was set up in 2007 and has grown "exponentially" to the point where it is now the most prolific contributor to Obama's Daily Brief, the US leader's top-secret daily intelligence briefing.
While leaked information suggested the Internet firms were willing participants in the program, Google and Apple both denied any knowledge of it.
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DATELINE: WASHINGTON, June 6, 2013 (AFP) -
