The animal had most likely fallen into the pit after rainfall caused the ground near it to become slippery, according to authorities in Yunnan province.
After repeatedly trying to climb out of the pit, the elephant appeared distressed.
It had “probably” been stuck there at least 24 hours before rescuers came to help, local police say.
"Looking at the traces at the scene, it probably fell into it yesterday. Because it rained yesterday, the ground around the pit was slippery," said local police officer Tang Zhouxing.
Rescuers began digging away the side of the pit to create a ramp.
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It took several attempts, but eventually the calf was able to climb to freedom, where it promptly ran into nearby forest.
