Stanislav Cherchesov's side took the lead in the 36th minute as Spartak Moscow's Alexander Samedov effortlessly chipped Turkish goalkeeper Serkan Kirintili after Alan Dzagoev fed him a short pass in the box.
The goal was not enough, however, to give Russia a much-needed and morale-boosting win heading into their opening World Cup match against Saudi Arabia on June 14.
Turkey substitute Yunus Malli, who plays for VfL Wolfsburg, equalised in the 60th minute, beating veteran goalkeeper Igor Akinfeev with a 25-metre strike, one of Turkey's few chances of the match.
Despite energetic midfield performances from 22-year-old playmaker Alexander Golovin and Spartak Moscow's Roman Zobnin in the first half, the team struggled to link up with striker Fedor Smolov and failed to create chances.
Turkey, who did not qualify for the World Cup finals, nearly added a second goal in the 79th minute when Malli's shot floated just over the crossbar.
Russia are 66th in the FIFA rankings, the second lowest-ranked team in the 32-nation tournament. They have yet to reach the World Cup knock-out stage in the post-Soviet era.
They will face Saudi Arabia, Uruguay and Egypt in Group A at the World Cup.
(Reporting by Gabrielle Tétrault-Farber; Editing by Toby Davis)
