Led by the Dutch, the countries are conducting a criminal inquiry into Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 and circulated a draft resolution to the U.N. Security Council earlier this month that would create a tribunal to prosecute those responsible.
But Russian President Vladimir Putin has described the move as counterproductive and premature. Russia is a Security Council veto power and therefore could block the bid if it is put to a vote.
Russia has instead circulated its own rival draft U.N. resolution that would "demand that the perpetrators of the aerial incident be brought to justice." The 15-member council is due to discuss the Russian draft later on Monday.
Russian U.N. Ambassador Vitaly Churkin said that Moscow was opposed to an international tribunal because "we believe it's not in the U.N. Charter, the U.N. Security Council is not supposed to deal with situations like that."
When asked if Russia was against the tribunal proposal, Churkin said: "Yes." Earlier this month he described the proposal as an attempt to organize a "grandiose, political show."
Flight MH17 was shot down on July 17 last year with 298 passengers on board, two-thirds of them Dutch. It crashed in Ukrainian territory held by Russian-backed rebels. A final report on the cause of the crash, separate to the criminal investigation, is due in October from the Dutch Safety Board.
Ukraine and Western countries accuse the rebels of shooting down the plane with a Russian-made missile. But Moscow has rejected accusations it supplied the rebels with SA-11 Buk anti-aircraft missile systems.
The Russian U.N. draft, seen by Reuters, would request U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to report to the council within two weeks on "the steps that would enhance the role of the United Nations in support of the (safety) investigation" and the appointment of a U.N. special envoy on the incident.
It also expresses concern that the ongoing safety investigation has been delayed and "does not ensure due transparency in its organization and work methods, which may have a negative impact on its outcome."
British U.N. Ambassador Matthew Rycroft, also a council veto power, said on Monday: "We don't support the Russian draft."
Malaysia, Australia, the Netherlands, Belgium and Ukraine rejected on Monday the accusations in the Russian draft, saying that both the safety and criminal investigations were being carried out in line with the highest international standards.
The Russian draft resolution asks for those countries to "keep the council fully and regularly informed on the progress" of the criminal investigation. But in a joint statement they said the criminal investigation would remain confidential so any future prosecutions would not be jeopardized.
"It is important for the Security Council to take clear and decisive action against those responsible for the downing of MH17 to send a clear message to the growing number of non-State actors with the ability to target civilian aircraft that such attacks will not be tolerated," the statement said.
Those countries hope to put their draft resolution to a vote this month, diplomats said.
Bishop demands tribunal for MH17 downing
Foreign Minister Julie Bishop has seized on the one-year anniversary of an Australian-authored UN resolution to renew calls for an international tribunal to prosecute those responsible for downing flight MH17 over Ukraine.
"The Security Council unanimously demanded accountability. One year on, the time is right for the council to put this demand into action," Ms Bishop said in a statement on Tuesday.
