The Serbian soccer association said they have appealed to FIFA over referee Felix Brych's officiating during the 2-1 World Cup defeat to Switzerland.
The Group E loss jeopardised the nation's hopes of reaching the last 16.
"We have submitted seven video-recordings clearly showing Brych's tendency to make decisions against our national team," said a statement from the Serbian association.
"The footage reveals Brych's double standards in brandishing yellow cards, as he was quick to book our key players while he didn't do the same in similar situations at the other end."
Chief among their complaints was the decision to not award Aleksandar Mitrovic a penalty in the second half when the game was poised at 1-1, an incident where referee Brych chose not to consult the video assistant referee (VAR).
A strike from Xherdan Shaqiri in stoppage time completed Switzerland's comeback from a goal down and means Serbia face the daunting task of beating Brazil in their final game on Wednesday to guarantee their place in the next round.
If they draw with Brazil, however, they would qualify in the unlikely scenario that Switzerland lost to Costa Rica by more than one goal in the other group game.
"The most glaring poor decision was not awarding Serbia a penalty for a foul on Mitrovic with the score 1-1, and awarding the spot kick could have turned the match our way," added the statement.
"The whole world saw the penalty except Brych and it should have gone to VAR analysis.
"We are wondering why Serbia is the only team in the World Cup where the match official chose to ignore controversial situations at it raises the legitimate question whether the VAR is being used selectively."
