She was also unable to play for Russia in last week's Fed Cup quarter-final defeat by the Netherlands.
"Unfortunately, I will not be able to play the Qatar Total Open because of my left forearm injury," Sharapova said.
"I would like to wish the tournament and all the great fans in Doha a great week of tennis. I hope to see them next year."
World number one Serena Williams is the top seed for the tournament which begins on Feb. 21.
(Reporting by Martyn Herman; editing by Ken Ferris)