The 28-year-old has not competed since he broke his pelvis in a serious motorbike crash in January last year, an accident which also involved compatriot James Ellington.
"The provisional suspension was issued by UK Anti-Doping and is in accordance with IAAF (International Association of Athletics Federations) Anti-Doping Rules," UK Athletics said in a statement.
"The individual now has the opportunity to respond to the charge against him including the right to a full hearing of the case."
News that makes sense
Your trusted source for staying up-to-date with the world around you. Get free daily news updates and analysis, straight to your inbox.
Levine, who specializes in the 400 metres, competed at the 2016 Rio Olympics and was part of the British squad that won relay gold at the 2014 European Championships in Zurich.
(Reporting by Hardik Vyas in Bengaluru; Editing by Christian Radnedge)
